manifest desiny essays

show desiny expositions Show Destiny mirrored the craving to develop and extend rapidly. It additionally showed the optimistic vision of social flawlessness that filled such an extensive amount the change vitality of the time. This laid on the possibility that America was ordained by god and by history-to extend its limits over a tremendous zone. Manifest Destiny had spread all through the country in the 1840's. It was intensely advanced by the new penny express which made papers accessible to a far more noteworthy extent of the populace than any time in recent memory. A few supporters of Manifest Destiny had moderately restricted regional objectives; others imagined a tremendous new realm of freedom that would incorporate Canada, Mexico, Caribbean and Pacific islands, and at last, a couple of envisioned, a great part of the remainder of the world. There was incredible eagerness over extension in the 1840's and everything started with the issues of Texas and Oregon. There are a few reasons why Americans grasped show predetermination. A few reasons incorporate European and pioneer understanding of Christianizing, European foundation and provincial foundation of bigotry, the ascent of patriotism and goals of country building, financial issues of mass urban populace elements and the requirement for assets brought about by private enterprise and industrialization. Westbound extension started with regional acquisitions that started in 1783. The first was procured because of the American Revolution. The Treaty of Paris assigned the United States arrives between the Appalachians and Mississippi River. These acquisitions multiplied the size of the U.S. In 1803, Napoleon and the Louisiana buy conceded the U.S. that domain for $15 million. Napoleon hit a frantic arrangement with the U.S. in distress for cash to back the exorbitant wars in Europe. This again multiplied the size of the United States. The Rush-Bagot Agreement, witch was marked in 1818, set the outskirt of Canada at the 49â ° equal. The U ... <!

Maurya and Gupta Empire free essay sample

08/08/11 12:57 AM Indus valley to the Pre-British period : 1. Indus Valley 2. Maurya Dynasty 3. Gupta Empire 4. Mughal Empire 5. Mewar Dynasty 6. Vijayanagar Empire 7. Maratha Empire 8. Ahom Kingdom 9. Kushan Dynasty 10. Satavahana Dynasty I. MAURYA DYNASTY COSTUME Men and ladies kept on wearing three unstitched pieces of clothing, as in Vedic occasions. The fundamental piece of clothing was the antariya of white cotton, material or bloomed muslin, here and there weaved in gold and valuable stones. For men, it was an unstitched length of fabric hung around the hips and between the legs in the kachcha style, stretching out from the midsection to the calf or lower legs or worn significantly shorter by workers and everyday people. The antariya was made sure about at the midsection by a band or kayabandh, frequently tied in a circled hitch at the middle front of the abdomen. The kayabandh could be basic scarf, vethaka; one with drum-headed bunch at the closures, muraja; an exceptionally detailed band of weaving, level and strip molded, pattika; or a many-stringed one, kalabuka. The third thing of attire called uttariya was another length of material, normally fine cotton, once in a while silk, which was used as a long scarf to wrap the top portion of the body. uttariya was worn in a few different ways to suit the solaces of the wearer: carefully by those at court, who wrap it on the two shoulders or one shoulder, or corner to corner over the chest and coolly tied at the midsection, or it could even be worn freely over the back and bolstered by the elbows or wrist, and from multiple points of view as indicated by the impulses of the climate. Be that as it may, for the worker and the specialist, it was increasingly a commonsense article of clothing to be tied around the head as insurance from sun, or firmly around the midsection leaving the hands free for work, or again as a towel to wipe the face when perspiring. Its uses were perpetual for the poor segments of the general public and for them it would be made of coarse cotton. Ladies tied their antariya in various manners. Initially dark, it later turned out to be increasingly straightforward. A straightforward little antariya or segment of fabric, langoti was appended to the kayabandh at the middle front, and afterward went between the legs and took care of at the back. A more extended rendition of the antariya was the knee-length one, being first folded over and made sure about at the midsection, the more extended end at that point creased and took care of at the front, and the shorter end at long last drawn between the legs, Kachcha style, and took care of at the midriff at the back. Another variant, the lehnga style, was a length of fabric folded over the hips firmly to shape a plain kind of skirt. This was not drawn between the legs in the kachcha style. The uttariyas of privileged ladies were for the most part of slight material finished with expounded outskirts and frequently worn as a head covering. Their kayabandhs were fundamentally the same as those of the men. What's more, they once in a while wore a patka, an enriching bit of fabric joined to the kayabandh in front by taking care of one end at the abdomen. The patka was produced using plaited fleece or cotton, wound yarn or calfskin, and on occasion it was likewise woven. Despite the fact that, footwear is frequently referenced in Vedic writing there is no sculptural proof for this period, aside from on account of officers who wear the Persian boot. It might be on the grounds that shoes couldn't be taken inside a stupa or Buddhist sanctuary, that they were not delineated on the figures on stupas. In the more remote towns and wildernesses, shepherds, trackers and individuals of comparable occupations were for the most part native or had a place with the least station. They for the most part wore straightforward unbleached coarse assortments of the cotton antariya and turbans, much equivalent to we discover today, and the act of inking was genuinely normal. The more crude clans who lived in the backwoods wore pieces of clothing produced using grass (Kusa), skin, and hide. Headgear and Hairstyles Women by and large secured their heads with the uttariya, worn straight or transversely, frequently shining with wonderful outskirts. The hair, halfway separated, was made into a couple of plaits or in a huge bunch at the back. The uttariya could be worn basically hanging out at the back or made sure about to the head with a headband, or with one end orchestrated in a fan at the highest point of the head. Skullcaps were in some cases worn under or over the uttariya to keep it set up, or on occasion it could be improved with a periphery or pendants. Caps also are viewed as headgear for phrygian ladies who likely wore long-sleeved tunic with tight fitting pants and a phrygian top which was funnel shaped and had ear folds. In India, the Amazons wore furthermore, the crossed-at-chest belt vaikaksha, with metal clasps, shield, and blade. Ladies in some cases utilized turbans of adorned material. As respects male headgear, in the early Maureen period there is no hint of the turban mauli, yet in the Sunga time frame we discover incredible accentuation on this type of male crown. These were amazing crowns in which the hair itself was regularly contorted into a mesh alongside the turban material. This wound twist was then masterminded to shape a projection at the front or the side of the head however never at the inside top, as no one but ministers could utilize this style. Over the turban a band was at times used to hold it set up. Moreover, brightening components like a jeweled clasp or a jhalar (periphery) could be connected to the turban, or one end collapsed in creases and took care of like a fan. Gems From the models we discover there was a wealth and abundance in the gems worn by the two people. Prior, it had an enormous quality to it and the workmanship was coarse. Somewhat later, with the Sungas, the adornments turned out to be to some degree refined. In the Arthashastra ascribed to Kautilya, and in the models of the period we discover references which give us that the material utilized most as often as possible were gold and valuable stones like corals, rubies, sapphires, agates, and precious stones. Pearls also were utilized and dots of numerous types were ample including those made of glass. Certain adornments were regular to both genders, similar to hoops, pieces of jewelry, armlets, arm bands and weaved belts. Hoop or karnika were of three kinds a straightforward ring or circle called Kundala, a roundabout plate stud known as dehri and studs with a blossom like shape known as Karnaphul. Pieces of jewelry of two sorts were worn. A short one called Kantha which was wide and level, generally gold, decorated with valuable stones, and a long one, the lambanam. These chain or globule pieces of jewelry were once in a while three-toseven stringed and were named after the quantity of strings of which they were made. At the focal point of each series of dots was a special necklace for warding off malice powers. Baju band or armlets of gold and silver dabs were worn on the upper arm, and were once in a while studded with valuable stones. Arm bands called Kangan, regularly made of square or round dots of gold, and lavishly weaved material belts finished the male troupe. Ladies, moreover, wore support called mekhala, a hip belt of multi-stringed globules, initially produced using the red seed kaksha yet now made of gold and silver dots, with shapes running from round to square and oval. Moving young ladies included to these, chains of gold and silver to which chimes were connected. All ladies wore anklets and thumb and finger rings. The rings were plain and packed together on the center joints of the fingers. Anklets were regularly of gold in this period, however silver was progressively normal. They could be as a straightforward ring, Kara, a thick chain, sankla, oran elaborate hover with little chimes called ghungru. There is no proof of nose-rings in the period. Temple adornments for ladies were very normal and worn underneath the splitting of the hair and at the focal point of the fore-head. These comprised of flimsy plate of gold or silver stepped in different examples, just as a star-molded sitara and bina. What's more, a minor adornment called bindi. The main material proof we have of a bit of Mauryan gems is a solitary hoop found at Taxila dated second century BC which like Graeco-Roman and Etruscan Jewelry. Military Costume Sewn articles of clothing which had been utilized by the Persian troopers were now and again used for military dress by the Mauryans. This comprised of a sleeved tunic with cross ties over the chest to convey the quiver, and a calfskin belt with blade. The lower article of clothing was more frequently the Indian antariya instead of the Persian pants. The headgear was typically the turban or headband, while the Persians had worn the sharp top. The blend of remote and indigenous articles of clothing is intriguing as it shows one of the early periods of advancement in the outfits of Indians. This occurred in the colder north, where the Persian pieces of clothing were increasingly appropriate, climatically and practically, in the event of officers. In spite of the fact that, layers of mail are referenced in the Arthshastra there is no visual proof of it in this period. More straightforward EXPLANATION The Costumes of this period started to be isolated in three sections: †¢ Antariya †¢ Uttariya †¢ Kayabandh These three terms were generally being utilized. Antariya is the lower bit of piece of clothing, which was comprised of white cotton or material. It was an unstitched bit of material tied around the midriff in the kaccha style I. e. it went from between the legs and broadened upto the hips or lower leg as per their occupation. Kayabandh was a band which was set to keep the Antariya set up. In present day wording we consider it a belt. It was given various names like kalabuka, muraja, pattika all these were tied in various way around the midriff. Uttariya hung the top portion of the body . It was generally comprised of cotton and once in a while silk and was worn from multiple points of view it was folded over either the shoulders or just on one shoulder and tied at the abdomen with a bunch. The laborer tied the Uttariya around their head so it doesn't meddle with the work they do. The Uttariya, Antariya and the Kayabandh were the three bits of unstitched articles of clothing that originated from the Vedic occasions. II. GUPTA EMPIRE

Using Weed to Manage Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

Using Weed to Manage Social Anxiety Disorder Symptoms Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Print Marijuana Use and Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 27, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 23, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Martin-DM / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Components of Marijuana Marijuana for Treating Social Anxiety Medical Marijuana Risks Better Options Alternative Therapies View All Marijuana use for social anxiety disorder is a controversial topic. While marijuana is slowly moving in the direction toward legalization in several countries and has been approved for medical use in Canada, as well as medical and recreational use in certain U.S. states, there is still a lot of confusion about its use in the treatment of anxiety.? While some research supports the use of marijuana (also known as cannabis) in treating social anxiety disorder (SAD), long-term studies on effectiveness still need to be conducted. If you live with social anxiety disorder and are considering medical marijuana as a treatment option, you might feel confused about whether or not it can help. In addition, if youve been a recreational marijuana user, you might feel afraid to talk with your doctor about your use of the drug and its relation to your social anxiety. The following article provides some basic information to help you make an informed decision about whether marijuana might be helpful to you, and the best routes to obtain the best effect. Components of Marijuana Understanding the components of marijuana is helpful in learning whether it is effective for social anxiety disorder. First, its important to know that there are two main categories of chemicals present in marijuana and that they may have different effects on your social anxiety. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the psychoactive part of marijuana, which means it is the part that gives the feeling of being high. Cannabidiol (CBD) is an active part of marijuana that contributes to its pharmacological actions without being involved in the high. While recreational users are in search of the high that comes from THC, people with anxiety may  benefit more from the non-psychoactive component of the drug. Marijuana for Treating Social Anxiety In a 2015 review, cannabidiol (CBD) was supported as a treatment for social anxiety disorder (among other anxiety disorders) when administered acutely (over a short period). However, we dont know what the effects are of long-term use of marijuana.??   In addition,  THC, CBD,  and THC-CBD combinations have been shown to improve sleep quality and duration in anxiety disorders. These findings tell us that marijuana may help reduce social anxiety in the short term and may help you sleep better. Can Marijuana Use Cause Social Anxiety or Make It Worse? A 2009 review study found that frequent cannabis users consistently had a high prevalence of anxiety disorders and patients with anxiety disorders had a relatively high rate of cannabis use.?? However, it was not determined if cannabis use increased the risk of developing long-term anxiety disorders. This means that we know there may be  a relationship between using marijuana and having social anxiety; however, it is not clear which comes first. It could be that people who already have social anxiety are more likely to use marijuana (see the next section on marijuana and avoidance). It could also be that using marijuana frequently leads to a greater likelihood of being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. How CBD May Reduce Social Anxiety Although this is an area of great complexity and the neuroscience is still being worked out, CBD has been shown to work as an anxiolytic, or anxiety-reducing drug.?? Individuals suffering from social anxiety who were given CBD were found to have increased blood flow in the cingulate cortex, which plays a role in interpreting the reactions of others. They also experienced decreased blood flow to the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, which are key in forming and recalling memories, and also the inferior temporal gyrus, which helps you perceive faces. In studies with rats, CBD has been shown to reduce aversion to stressful situations.?? CBD is thought to inhibit the uptake of anandamide in the PAG. Substances that inhibit the uptake of anandamide have been shown to prevent anxiety. In addition, all of the brain areas involved in anxiety, including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and PAG contain CB1 receptors, which are indirectly  involved in the effect of CBD. As a whole, we still dont know exactly how CBD has its effect. However, it seems that when using this substance, you may be better able to suppress unpleasant memories of anxiety or embarrassment, and also have a better ability to perceive the reactions of others. Are People With Social Anxiety More Likely to Use Marijuana? A 2012 questionnaire study showed that people with clinically meaningful social anxiety were more likely to use marijuana to cope with social situations and to avoid social situations if they could not use marijuana.?? In addition, a 2011 study found that social avoidance was related to marijuana problems and that men with greater social avoidance showed the most severe in terms of marijuana-related problems.?? These findings suggest that as a recreational user, you may be more likely to use marijuana if you live with social anxiety, particularly if you are male and tend to avoid social situations. You might find yourself needing to use marijuana before a social event in order to get through it, or may avoid events where you know that you wont be able to get high to cope with your anxiety. Medical Marijuana Medical marijuana is prescribed by a doctor to help with various medical conditions such as chronic pain, cancer, and even anxiety. In Canada, this is regulated by the  Access to Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations (ACMPR), which came into effect on August 24, 2016. As for the United States, as of 2019, use of cannabis for medical purposes was legal in 33 U.S. states, the  District of Columbia, as well as  the territories of  Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands, and  Puerto Rico.?? Risks For some people, daily marijuana use may be related to negative consequences. Marijuana has the potential to intensify existing feelings, so the risk for negative effects may be greater if you use it in an unfamiliar or stressful setting, if you are already depressed, or if youve never used marijuana before (such that there is a fear factor involved). In addition, people who use marijuana have been shown to perform more poorly in terms of information-processing speed, working memory, executive functioning, and visual and spatial perception. Long-term effects may include neurocognitive deficits, psychosis, respiratory ailments, and possibly cancer. Research has also shown that it may be safer to ingest marijuana or to use a vaporizer than to smoke it directly.  A low dose at the start is also preferred, just as with any other medication for a mental health condition. Marijuana should also not be used for social anxiety if you have existing problems with substance abuse. Better Options The ideal medical marijuana for social anxiety disorder would have a significant quantity of CBD and low levels of THC, which has been shown to induce anxiety and panic. Safe access to marijuana varieties with this combination of concentrations would allow for the beneficial effects without the potential drawbacks. Alternative Therapies There are many alternatives to treating anxiety if medical marijuana  is  not the right option for you. Meditation and mindfulness are two methods for calming the mind and slowing down anxiety. These are also strategies that you can practice on your own. If you are comfortable with mainstream treatment, social anxiety disorder respond well to traditional medication and therapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). A Word From Verywell If medical marijuana is available for a prescription where you live, it may be one option to help reduce social anxiety. At the same time, this type of treatment is still in its infancy and more research is needed to confirm marijuanas effectiveness and safety for this use. If you do find yourself using marijuana to treat your social anxiety, be sure it has a higher proportion of CBD and a lower proportion of THC for maximum benefits. Also be sure to tell your doctor if you are using recreational marijuana to self-medicate, as prescribed medical marijuana may be an option and be more helpful for you. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Psychology of State-Sponsored Violence - 1731 Words

Psychology of State-Sponsored Violence State-sponsored violence has led to some of the most horrendous human right crimes such as genocide and torture. These crimes are often under the constant fire of debate as scholars try to reason as to why they occur. However, the debates of genocide and torture are not exclusively attributed to the fact that they occur, but also, as to why people participate in these acts to begin with. Contrary to popular belief the majority of participants in state-sponsored violence are often not radical extremists, but rather, ordinary people. In instances, such as the genocide in Rwanda, participants were average everyday people, often neighbors of the victims, who carried out many of the killings. Also, in†¦show more content†¦The thought of someone administering electrical shocks to an individual who clearly is in pain reinforces the idea that ordinary people can be developed into participators of violence. The transformation of ordinary people into agents of destruction can be attr ibuted to the fact that when an authority figure makes an order the responsibility shifts from the individual to the higher authority. Essentially, giving the sense of impunity to the actor and making them believe that they will not be held responsible for their actions and removing the thought that there will be consequences. The removal of consequences and responsibility can further develop a person’s inclination to perform acts that are violent. This is due to the fact that no consequences for bad behavior can be detrimental in people’s understanding of what a crime is and what a crime is not. One of the justifications for punishment is embellished in the idea that only by implementing consequences for negative actions will people be inclined to not commit a crime. This is because with the consequences of a crime there is an infliction such as loss of liberty, harsh treatment, social condemnation, and frustration of desires. However, when there is no consequences fo r crime a person will be more inclined to participate in actions, such as torture or genocide. In Fujii’s writing, Killing Neighbors, she mentions thatShow MoreRelatedGreek Theatre And Medieval Drama1587 Words   |  7 Pagescreative process based off of different mindsets. Therefore, the significant time lapse between the two genres has had an evident impact on the way theatre was perceived and presented. In comparing aspects such as religious motivations, conditions of violence and character development, the distinct theatrical natures of Greek theatre and medieval drama will be made apparent. Though both genres of theatre are closely tied to religion, Greek theatre and medieval drama have different religious motivationsRead MoreAlcohol Abuse in Africa: The Case of Ghana1400 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol Abuse in Africa: The Case of Ghana Alcohol is a commonly abused substance in most continents and Africa is no exception. Unlike the United States which has alcohol as the second most commonly used drug, in Africa it is the foremost abused substance. This could be attributed to the fact that most cultural or traditional ceremonies utilize alcohol in one way or another. In Ghana – West Africa – for example, during the naming ceremony of a newborn, the baby is given a drop of alcohol andRead MoreChildren Always Need Love, Compassion, Support And Empathy From Their Parents Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesthey develop into adults without a father in any situation. No one can agree that growing up fatherless is far from the worst thing other than Michele Weldon from the New York Times, and her article â€Å"When Children Are Better off Fatherless† as she states: In the cases where the father is far from heroic – even abusive – his absence is also the absence of the chaos, anger, pain and disruption he would bring to his family. Americans encourage women to leave abusive partners, but mothers who do thisRead MoreSummary of Eros and Civilization: Marcuse1428 Words   |  6 Pagesdilocated:becomes project of subversion of this sort of progress. Liberation from ‘asocial’ autonomous Eros presupposes liberation from repressive affluence: a reversal in the direction of progress. Man could avoid fate of Welfare-Through-Welfare State only by achieving a new starting point where he could reconstruct the productive apparatus without that innerworldly asceticism which provided the mental basis for domination. Negation of Nietzsche’s superman: man conscious to make life an end in itselfRead MoreAfrican American Social Studies Teachers1587 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies teacher for over twenty years Currently teaches: African American History, U.S. History and World Cultures at Clifton High School Amanda Carter African American female Social studies teacher for over fifteen years Currently teaches: Psychology and World Cultures at Crawford High School Data Collection and Analysis 3 semi-structured interviews lasting 2 hours in length Informal conversations and observations Interviews transcribed verbatim Portraits generated from transcripts ConstantRead MoreCultural Considerations in Counseling2235 Words   |  9 Pagesit. Children typically lack the worldview to process the level of violence that occurs during war. The Nigerian children who were rescued from the refugee camp lived in extremely poor conditions and before arriving there were subjected to serious events that may change them forever. They are likely suffering from some severe psychological effects of war-time violence that need to be addressed in order to break the cycle of violence they may be in, but also to ensure their mental health both now andRead MoreSchool Violence2554 Words   |  10 Pagesyoung adults are showing increased tendencies of violence and aggression. Researches have shown that these aggressive tendencies which originate from different various different factors have excessively contributed to bullies and violence at schools. These problems are much more common in countries where excess to arms and weapons is easier. In the United S tates of America, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classified school violence as a public health problem and has indicated seriousRead More Parental Violence and Youth Sports Essay2176 Words   |  9 Pagesadult-controlled organized activities (Coakley, pp. 125-127). Coakley (2009) then goes on to discuss five major trends in youth sports today. The first trend is the privatization of organized programs. This means that more youth activities are becoming sponsored by private and commercial organization, while less money is coming from public or tax-related funds. The second major trend is the emphasis on performance. This suggests that there is more stress placed on performance in activities and athletesRead MoreSex and Violence in Media2268 Words   |  10 PagesSex and Violence in Media In todays society, sex and violence is practically in every movie you see. Most box office hits are filled with a variety of violence, like the Matrix or a variety of sexual content, like American Pie. The violence and sex content in these movies make it appealing to viewers, especially young audiences. But, the effects of watching these movies could be damaging, especially if the child is not being supervised while watching these movies. Sigmund Freud had his views onRead MoreFamily Vioelence and Abuse2114 Words   |  9 PagesFamilies Family violence and abuse is a prominent issue in our society that has maintained its presence throughout our history. Familial abuse has a tendency to be masked by emotions, not being classified as â€Å"abuse† by the victims until it has become a reoccurring issue. In fact, most unreported violent acts are due to the victim’s desire to protect the related offender. The media usually develops news stories and articles revolving around the most sensational cases of family violence; their representation

Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult...

Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion What is Equality? Equality is about making sure people are treated fairly and given fair chances. Equality is not about treating everyone in the same way, but it recognises that their needs are met in different ways. Equality focuses on those areas covered by the law, namely the key areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation, transgender and Age. People must not be unfairly discriminated against because of any of these factors and we must all contribute to creating a positive workplace and service delivery environment where discriminatory practices and†¦show more content†¦Race Relations Act 1976 (amended 2000). This states that everyone must be treated fairly regardless of their race, nationality, or ethnic or national origins. Disability Discrimination Act 1995. This states that a person with a disability must not be treated less fairly than someone who is able-bodied. Employment Equality (Religion orBelief) Regulations 2003. This says it is unlawful to discriminate against people at work because of their religion or belief. The regulations also cover training that is to do with work. Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006. This says it is unlawful for an employer or potential employer to discriminate against you at work because of your age. Essential Standards CQC has set 28 essential standards of quality and safety (outcomes) which GP practices must comply with. The essential standards are set out in the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009 and the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2010. Of the 28 outcomes, there are 16 core outcomes which relate to the quality and safety of patient care. When you apply for registration, you may be compliant with most, but not all, 28 standards. CQC states that this is acceptable providing there is no risk to patients. When you register with CQC you will make an initial declaration of compliance (or non-compliance) in respect of the 16 core outcomes, but are not required to submitShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings.3752 Words   |  16 Pages303 Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings. Task A Ai. Diversity – The concept of diversity is to encompass acceptance and respect. It means that each individual is unique and recognizing our individual’s differences, these can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, social- economic status, age, physical abilities or religious beliefs. An example of diversity is to accept someone’s views even if you don’t agree Equality – Equality basicallyRead MorePRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS863 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Unit 303: PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS. 1.1 Diversity means difference. Diversity recognises that though people have things in common they are also different and unique in other ways. Diversity is about recognising these differences and valuing them. Diversity is in the form of visible bind, non-visible differences which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and race disability, age, gender belief and religionRead MorePrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings2120 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Assignment 303 Bi Create a leaflet Legislations and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 You share the responsibility with your employer for your own safety and of all people that you support Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 An employee is refused a promotion, because of their age Employment Equality (Religion or Belies) and (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 An employee is refused e.g. trainingRead Morenvq 3 Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings789 Words   |  3 PagesPrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings 1.1 Explain what is meant by a) Diversity Diversity means varied or different, so in a social care setting the importance of diversity means to recognise and respect the importance of people’s wishes and to treat them as individuals. b) Equality Equality means ensuring that everybody is entitled to equal rights and opportunities and therefore preventing discrimination. c) Inclusion Inclusion means to ensure thatRead MoreAssignment 303 Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Settings2063 Words   |  9 PagesTask A Short answer questions Ai Using the table below, explain in your own words what each term means. Give one example from care practice to illustrate your explanations. Diversity: The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, politicalRead MoreList Key Legislation And Codes Of Practice1177 Words   |  5 Pageslist key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care setting. There are several pieces of legislation that chains the principles of a number of previous acts. The purpose of this act is to join many of the principles of previous pieces of legislation to make it easier to understand, in places to promote equality and reduce the discrimination, such as; †¢ Employment Equality Regulations 2003 †¢ Special Educational Needs and DisabilityRead MoreEssay on nvq 2695 Words   |  3 Pages Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Setting 1.1 Define what is meant by: Diversity Equality Inclusion Discrimination Diversity - is meant by acknowledging that each individual is unique and recognising individual differences, For example culture, ability, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, or any other individual characteristic. Equality - is fair treatment and access opportunities for all regardlessRead MoreUnit 203 Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care827 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 203 Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings. 1.1) * Diversity is essentially another word for different, it recognises that people are different and unique in many ways such as, personal characteristics, background, culture, personality, race, disability, gender, religion, belief, sexual orientation and age. It means recognising and understanding individual’s differences and embracing them, to allow people feel more valued. * Equality means treatingRead Moreunit 12 nvq3 Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿UNIT 12 PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS. 1) Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion 1.1) Explain what is meant by :- Diversity- recognises that all though people have thing in common they are also different in many ways. Diversity therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors which include personal characteristics such as backgrounds culture, by recognising and understanding our individual differences andRead MorePrinciples Of Diversity, Equality And Inclusion In Adult Social Care1414 Words   |  6 Pages Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings Question Booklet Task A – Short Answer Questions Ai Complete the following, describing in your own words what each term means. 8 marks †¢ Diversity You need to understand that each individual is unique and be aware or recognise individual differences. The concept of diversity is to accept and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing and accepting individual differences Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult... Assignment 303 Bi Create a leaflet Legislations and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 You share the responsibility with your employer for your own safety and of all people that you support Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 An employee is refused a promotion, because of their age Employment Equality (Religion or Belies) and (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 An employee is refused e.g. training or lost a job, because of their beliefs, race or sexuality Equal Pay Act 1970 A female employee is paid less than a male employee for doing same job Sex Discrimination Act 1975 If a female employee is refused a promotion or training, because†¦show more content†¦It is therefore very important to respect and honour their personal beliefs. Some want to go to church on Sundays and others do not want to speak about church at all and I must respect the fact that they do not want to speak about anything about the Church. It is part of the work that I do to make sure my clients are happy and therefore am conscious at all times that they feel comfortable about anything they want to talk to me about. It is most important to remember that my own preferences are different to others and that I can never expect others to think, act and feel the same as I do. For example, I like to bath at night and shower in the morning but some of my clients fear water and they really hate the idea of being showered, washed or bathes even once a week. I have to respect their decision but at the same time I need to encourage them to maintain a healthy and clean state of mind and body. I in cases like this will spend more time encouraging the client that they will feel better and not try and tell them how I feel when I am clean and fresh. As a provider of care and support you will need to ensure that you understand the legal framework regarding equality, diversity, discrimination and rights and be able to relate this to your everyday role. Discrimination could take the form of stereotyping, making assumptions, patronising, humiliating and disrespecting people, taking some people less seriously. These are some of the things you can do to make sureShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Settings.2079 Words   |  9 PagesPrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion What is Equality? Equality is about making sure people are treated fairly and given fair chances. Equality is not about treating everyone in the same way, but it recognises that their needs are met in different ways. Equality focuses on those areas covered by the law, namely the key areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientationRead MorePrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings.3752 Words   |  16 Pages303 Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings. Task A Ai. Diversity – The concept of diversity is to encompass acceptance and respect. It means that each individual is unique and recognizing our individual’s differences, these can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, social- economic status, age, physical abilities or religious beliefs. An example of diversity is to accept someone’s views even if you don’t agree Equality – Equality basicallyRead MorePRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS863 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Unit 303: PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS. 1.1 Diversity means difference. Diversity recognises that though people have things in common they are also different and unique in other ways. Diversity is about recognising these differences and valuing them. Diversity is in the form of visible bind, non-visible differences which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and race disability, age, gender belief and religionRead Morenvq 3 Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings789 Words   |  3 PagesPrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings 1.1 Explain what is meant by a) Diversity Diversity means varied or different, so in a social care setting the importance of diversity means to recognise and respect the importance of people’s wishes and to treat them as individuals. b) Equality Equality means ensuring that everybody is entitled to equal rights and opportunities and therefore preventing discrimination. c) Inclusion Inclusion means to ensure thatRead MoreAssignment 303 Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Settings2063 Words   |  9 PagesTask A Short answer questions Ai Using the table below, explain in your own words what each term means. Give one example from care practice to illustrate your explanations. Diversity: The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, politicalRead MoreList Key Legislation And Codes Of Practice1177 Words   |  5 Pageslist key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care setting. There are several pieces of legislation that chains the principles of a number of previous acts. The purpose of this act is to join many of the principles of previous pieces of legislation to make it easier to understand, in places to promote equality and reduce the discrimination, such as; †¢ Employment Equality Regulations 2003 †¢ Special Educational Needs and DisabilityRead MoreEssay on nvq 2695 Words   |  3 Pages Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Setting 1.1 Define what is meant by: Diversity Equality Inclusion Discrimination Diversity - is meant by acknowledging that each individual is unique and recognising individual differences, For example culture, ability, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, or any other individual characteristic. Equality - is fair treatment and access opportunities for all regardlessRead MoreUnit 203 Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care827 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 203 Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings. 1.1) * Diversity is essentially another word for different, it recognises that people are different and unique in many ways such as, personal characteristics, background, culture, personality, race, disability, gender, religion, belief, sexual orientation and age. It means recognising and understanding individual’s differences and embracing them, to allow people feel more valued. * Equality means treatingRead Moreunit 12 nvq3 Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿UNIT 12 PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS. 1) Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion 1.1) Explain what is meant by :- Diversity- recognises that all though people have thing in common they are also different in many ways. Diversity therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors which include personal characteristics such as backgrounds culture, by recognising and understanding our individual differences andRead MorePrinciples Of Diversity, Equality And Inclusion In Adult Social Care1414 Words   |  6 Pages Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings Question Booklet Task A – Short Answer Questions Ai Complete the following, describing in your own words what each term means. 8 marks †¢ Diversity You need to understand that each individual is unique and be aware or recognise individual differences. The concept of diversity is to accept and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing and accepting individual differences Principles Of Diversity, Equality And Inclusion In Adult... Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings Question Booklet Task A – Short Answer Questions Ai Complete the following, describing in your own words what each term means. 8 marks †¢ Diversity You need to understand that each individual is unique and be aware or recognise individual differences. The concept of diversity is to accept and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing and accepting individual differences. These can be race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies. It is the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing†¦show more content†¦To discriminate against another is to act in a way that treats them differently and usually unfairly. Aii It is important that social care workers follow laws, regulations and codes of practice. List three that relate to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. 3 marks 1. The human rights act 1998 2. The equality act 2010 3. Social care codes of practice Aiii Describe two situations where you may need to get some support, information or advice about working in a way that promotes diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. 4 marks Situation one For instance, a residents meeting was taking place and a service user asked for an evening of music and dance to take place in the future because they used to dance for a hobby with their wife/husband, you need to hire a hall for this to take place as the care setting isn’t big enough to accommodate this and all of the service users want to join in. Situation two. Also during the meeting another resident asked for a pamper evening for gentle massages with different scented oils to be used to help their joints and to help them to relax. Aiv For each of the situations you have identified, describe how you could access support, information or guidance. 4 marks Situation one. Some service users may have difficultyShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Settings.2079 Words   |  9 PagesPrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion What is Equality? Equality is about making sure people are treated fairly and given fair chances. Equality is not about treating everyone in the same way, but it recognises that their needs are met in different ways. Equality focuses on those areas covered by the law, namely the key areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientationRead MorePRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS863 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Unit 303: PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS. 1.1 Diversity means difference. Diversity recognises that though people have things in common they are also different and unique in other ways. Diversity is about recognising these differences and valuing them. Diversity is in the form of visible bind, non-visible differences which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and race disability, age, gender belief and religionRead MorePrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings.3752 Words   |  16 Pages303 Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings. Task A Ai. Diversity – The concept of diversity is to encompass acceptance and respect. It means that each individual is unique and recognizing our individual’s differences, these can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, social- economic status, age, physical abilities or religious beliefs. An example of diversity is to accept someone’s views even if you don’t agree Equality – Equality basicallyRead MoreUnit 203 Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care827 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 203 Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings. 1.1) * Diversity is essentially another word for different, it recognises that people are different and unique in many ways such as, personal characteristics, background, culture, personality, race, disability, gender, religion, belief, sexual orientation and age. It means recognising and understanding individual’s differences and embracing them, to allow people feel more valued. * Equality means treatingRead MorePrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings2120 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Assignment 303 Bi Create a leaflet Legislations and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 You share the responsibility with your employer for your own safety and of all people that you support Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 An employee is refused a promotion, because of their age Employment Equality (Religion or Belies) and (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 An employee is refused e.g. trainingRead Morenvq 3 Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings789 Words   |  3 PagesPrinciples of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings 1.1 Explain what is meant by a) Diversity Diversity means varied or different, so in a social care setting the importance of diversity means to recognise and respect the importance of people’s wishes and to treat them as individuals. b) Equality Equality means ensuring that everybody is entitled to equal rights and opportunities and therefore preventing discrimination. c) Inclusion Inclusion means to ensure thatRead MoreAssignment 303 Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Settings2063 Words   |  9 PagesTask A Short answer questions Ai Using the table below, explain in your own words what each term means. Give one example from care practice to illustrate your explanations. Diversity: The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, politicalRead MoreList Key Legislation And Codes Of Practice1177 Words   |  5 Pageslist key legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination in adult social care setting. There are several pieces of legislation that chains the principles of a number of previous acts. The purpose of this act is to join many of the principles of previous pieces of legislation to make it easier to understand, in places to promote equality and reduce the discrimination, such as; †¢ Employment Equality Regulations 2003 †¢ Special Educational Needs and DisabilityRead MoreEssay on nvq 2695 Words   |  3 Pages Principles of Diversity, Equality and Inclusion in Adult Social Care Setting 1.1 Define what is meant by: Diversity Equality Inclusion Discrimination Diversity - is meant by acknowledging that each individual is unique and recognising individual differences, For example culture, ability, gender, race, religion, sexual orientation, or any other individual characteristic. Equality - is fair treatment and access opportunities for all regardlessRead Moreunit 12 nvq3 Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿UNIT 12 PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS. 1) Understand the importance of diversity, equality and inclusion 1.1) Explain what is meant by :- Diversity- recognises that all though people have thing in common they are also different in many ways. Diversity therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors which include personal characteristics such as backgrounds culture, by recognising and understanding our individual differences and PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT... Unit 303: PRINCIPLES OF DIVERSITY, EQUALITY AND INCLUSION IN ADULT SOCIAL CARE SETTINGS. 1.1 Diversity means difference. Diversity recognises that though people have things in common they are also different and unique in other ways. Diversity is about recognising these differences and valuing them. Diversity is in the form of visible bind, non-visible differences which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and race disability, age, gender belief and religion. By understanding these differences and celebrating them we can create an environment where everyone feels valued. Equality is a way of treating everybody in an appropriate way that suits their needs without showing them up and treating them†¦show more content†¦It means supporting diversity by accepting and welcoming people’s differences, and promoting equality by ensuring equal opportunities for all aspects of diversity. Having a sound awareness of and responding sensitively to an individuals diverse need supports them in developing a sense of belonging, wellbeing and confidence in their identity and abilities. 2.1 These include equality act, human rights act, essential standards and codes of practice. The Human Right Act 1998- covers many different types of discrimination, including some that are not covered by other discrimination laws. The Equal Pay Act 1970 (1984)- says that women must be paid the same as men when they are doing the same job. The Disability Discrimination Act 2005- this act makes it unlawful to discriminate on grounds of sex, marital status or gender reassignment. It applies when recruiting and when deciding term and conditions that should be offered to an employee as well as when decisions are made about who should be promoted, transferred or receive training. The Race Relation Act 1976- this act gives public authorities a statutory duty to promote race quality. 2.2 The consequences of not complying with legislation and codes of practice could be any of the following: -verbal warning -written warning -suspension -termination of employment -police interview -criminal conviction.Show MoreRelatedInclusion and Autism in Main Stream Schools3923 Words   |  16 PagesApart or A Part? Inclusion and Autism in Main Stream Primary Settings. The number of pupils with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) being educated in mainstream settings is increasing (Humphrey 2008). Inclusion in main stream education can be extremely beneficial for pupils on the autism spectrum (Great Britain. Department for Children, Schools and families, 2009), however there is growing concern about the educational experiences of pupils with ASC. Only 12% of parents with children in anRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 PagesQUALIFICATION HANDBOOK Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) December 2011 Version 2.1 (July 2011) Qualification at a glance Subject area City Guilds number Age group approved Entry requirements Assessment Fast track Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) 3978 19+ There are no entry requirements Portfolio of Evidence, PracticalRead MoreThe Cipd Profession Map 201528226 Words   |  113 PagesThe CIPD Profession Map Our Professional Standards Contents Introduction 2 The CIPD Profession Map 4–7 The design principles and architecture of the Profession Map 4 Bands and transitions 6 Professional areas 8–46 Professional area definitions 9 1 Insights, strategy and solutions 10 2 Leading HR 14 3 Organisation design 17 4 Organisation development 20 5 Resourcing and talent planning 23 6 Learning and development 26 7 PerformanceRead MoreHow Does The Medical Model Have Power?4335 Words   |  18 Pages(Gabe, J. and Elston, M. A.2004). I will then compare the medical model with the social model and consider the effect they have on professionalism and dependency and I will discuss the binaries in the medical and social model plus the political, cultural and economic impact in the society. I will discuss the limitations, policy, guidelines and legislations and how the medical model of disability can contribute to social exclusion, segregation and discrimination, and then look at how this depersonalizeRead MoreAward In Education Training 650231182 Words   |  105 Pagesundertake, i.e. Bloom’s ‘steps’ in the Learning Domains (Cognitive – head, knowledge, Affective – heart, attitudes and the ‘social experience’ and the Psychomotor domain – hands, physical skills – if and where appropriate) – i.e. giving your learners the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œopportunities to use their abilities’; d) Stimulating intrinsic motivation (Herzberg) – and addressing the affective domain (social situations – through pair/group work and student centred learning) – i.e. creating a challenging, interesting and engagingRead MoreUnderstanding Spesific Needs in Health and Social Care5219 Words   |  21 Pagesillness and behaviour and also investigate how health and social care services and systems support individuals with specific needs and look at different approaches and intervention strategies available to support individuals with specific needs, lastly will explain what challenging behaviour is and explain strategies available for those working with people with specific needs LO1.1 Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmityRead MoreIapt Essay5419 Words   |  22 PagesIntroduction This paper will focus on Evidence-Based Psychological Treatment for Children and Young People and aim to critically discuss the Basic Skills Component Domains within this area. It will look at the challenges of applying them to the authors work setting of Tier 3 Children and Adolescent Mental health service (CAMHS). This paper has been divided into four parts. The first section defines and gives a brief explanation of the Basic Skills Component Domains of working with Children and young peopleRead MoreNcfe Teaching Assistant Essay7227 Words   |  29 Pagesbeen planned for the class and access lesson plans in advance to ensure resources are made, gathered, booked, prepared in advance. It may also be that as a teaching assistant you are best placed to think about additional resources to support the inclusion of individual pupils to ensure successful learning for all. Teachers may also require support in the management of pupil behaviour. In line with school policies and guidance the teaching assistant should reinforce rules, rewards and sanctionsRead MorePublic Health Paper12265 Words   |  50 Pageshealth, limiting illnesses such as food poisoning and rapid identification of outbreaks of bacterial meningitis, measles and other illnesses through prompt notification and medical or environmental intervention. The role of ‘social conscience’ however and its manifestation in social control may have been responsible for dividing communities through encouraging individuals to report their apparently ill neighbours. Locating public health The tradition of public health and inherent understandingRead MoreOn Aristotles Friendship and Social Network10537 Words   |  43 PagesCHAPTER I A. INTRODUCTION Technology is changing the world in a fast pace. This is evident most especially in social networks. Due to the widespread and growing use of these new social media, especially social networking sites such as Facebook, researchers began to study its ethical implications. Social networking services or social networking sites are widespread in all parts of the world. It serves as means of communication and is considered as the most convenient and easiest way of communication

Common Biases and Errors in Decision-Making Process Free Essays

COMMON BIASES AND ERRORS IN DECISION-MAKING PROCESS In addition to engaging in bounded rationality, an accumulating body of research tells us that decision makers allow systematic biases and errors to creep into their judgments. These come out of attempts to shortcut the decision process. To minimize effort and avoid difficult trade-offs, people tend to rely too heavily on experience, impulses, gut feelings, and convenient aâ‚ ¬? rules of thumb. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Biases and Errors in Decision-Making Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now aâ‚ ¬? In many instances, these shortcuts are helpful. However, they can lead to severe distortions from rationality. The following highlights the most common distortions. Overconfidence Bias:  Itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s been said that aâ‚ ¬? no problem in judgment and decision making is more prevalent and more potentially catastrophic than overconfidence. aâ‚ ¬? When weaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re given factual questions and asked to judge the probability that our answers are correct, we tend to be far too optimistic. For instance, studies have found that, when people say theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re 65 to 70% confident that theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re right, they were actually correct only about 50% of the time. And when they say theyaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re 100% sure, they tended to be 70 to 85% correct. From an organizational standpoint, one of the more interesting findings related to overconfidence is that those individuals whose intellectual and interpersonal abilities are weakest are most likely to overestimate their performance and ability. So as mangers and employees become more knowledgeable about an issue, the less likely they are to display overconfidence. Overconfidence is most likely to surface when organizational members are considering issues or problems that are outside their area of expertise. Anchoring Bias:  The anchoring bias is a tendency to fixate on initial information as a starting point. Once set, we then fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information. The anchoring bias occurs because our mind appears to give a disproportionate amount of emphasis to the first information it receives. So initial impressions, ideas, process, and estimates carry undue weight relative to information received later. Anchors are widely used by professional people such as advertising writers, managers, politicians, real estate agents, and lawyersaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ where persuasion skills are important For instance, in a mock jury trial, one set of jurors was asked by the plaintiffaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attorney to make an award in the range of Rs. million to Rs. 25 million. Another set of jurors was asked for an award in the range of Rs. 25 million to 75 million. Consistent with the anchoring bias, the median awards were Rs. 5 million versus Rs. 25 million in the two conditions. Consider the role of anchoring in negotiations and interviews. Any time a negotiation takes place, so does anchoring . As soon as someone states a number, your ability to objectively ignore that number has been compromised. For instance, when a prospective employer asks how much you were making in your prior job, your answer typically anchors the employeraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offer. Most of us understand this and upwardly aâ‚ ¬? adjustaâ‚ ¬? our previous salary in the hope that it will encourage our employer to offer us more. Anchoring can distort employment interviews. The initial information you might get interviewing a job candidate is likely to anchor your assessment of the applicant and unduly influence how you interpret information that you obtain later. Confirmation Bias:  The rational decision-making process assumes that we objectively gather information. But we donaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t. We selectively gather information. The information bias represents a specific case of selective perception. We seek out information that reaffirms our past choices, and we discount information that contradicts past judgments. We also tend to accept information at face value that confirms our preconceived views, while being critical and skeptical of information that challenges these views. The information we gather is typically biased toward supporting views we already hold. This confirmation bias influences where we go to collect evidence because we tend to seek out places that are more likely to tell us what we want to hear. It also leads us to give too much weight to supporting information and too little to contradictory information. Availability Bias:  Many more people suffer from fear of flying than fear of driving in a car. The reason is that many people think flying is more dangerous. If flying on a commercial airline was as dangerous as driving, the equivalent of two 747s filled to capacity would have to crash every week, killing all aboard, to match the risk of being killed in a car accident. But the media give a lot more attention to air accidents, so we tend to overstate the risk of flying and understate the risk of driving. This illustrates an example of the availability bias, which is the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is readily available to them. Events that evoke emotions, that are particularly vivid, or that have occurred more recently tend to be more available in our memory. As a result, we tend to be prone to overestimating unlikely events like an airplane crash. The availability bias can also explain why managers, when doing annual performance appraisals, tend to give more weight to recent behaviors of an employee than those behaviors of six or nine months ago. Escalation of Commitment Error:  Another distortion that creeps into decisions in practice is a tendency to escalate commitment when a decision stream represents a series of decisions. Escalation of commitment refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence that itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wrong. An example of this is of my friend, who has been dating a woman for about four years. He admitted that things werenaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t going too well in their relationship; he informed me that he was going to marry the woman. A bit surprised by his decision, I asked him why. He responded: aâ‚ ¬? I have a lot invested in the relationship! aâ‚ ¬? It has been well documented that individuals escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as a responsible for the failure. That is they aâ‚ ¬? throw good money after badaâ‚ ¬? o demonstrate that their initial decision wasnaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t wrong and to avoid having to admit they made a mistake. Escalation of commitment is also congruent with evidence that people try to appear consistent in what they say and do. Increasing commitment to previous actions conveys consistency. Escalation of commitment has obvious implications for managerial decisions. Many an organization has suffered large losses because a manager was determined to prove his or her original decision was right by continuing to commit resources to what was a lost cause from the beginning. In addition, consistency is a characteristic often associated with effective leaders. So managers, in an effort to appear effective, may be motivated to be consistent when switching to another course of action. In reality, effective managers are those who are able to differentiate between situations in which persistence will pay off and situations in which it will not. http://www. citeman. com/384-common-biases-and-errors-in-decision-making-process. html How to cite Common Biases and Errors in Decision-Making Process, Essay examples

Thailand Essays (775 words) - Provinces Of Thailand,

Thailand Thailand was Siam for most of its history. It is unique among southeast countries because it was never colonized by Europe. This phenomena affects the very nature of the land and its people to this day. The Thais call their country "Prathet Thai," which can be translated as "Land of the Free." Thai people came from China's Pamir Plateau around the 10th century A.D. because of the agricultural potential in the region. Modernization of Thailand began in the 19th century under King Mongkut and his son, Chulalongkorn. He ended slavery and exposed the nation to Western concepts and technology. The exposure lead to a revolution in 1932, and the absolute monarchy was replaced. Siam became Thailand in 1939. For many years there was continual conflict between military and civil forces for control of the country. In 1988 there was a democratic transfer of power, and 1992 saw a constitutional reform which stated that no military member could serve as the Prime Minister. The democratic transfer of power was a smooth one. (Exergy). Today Thailand is a constitutional monarchy. The king is the chief of state but has few executive responsibilities. King Bhumibol Adulyadej has been king for 50 years and is very respected. The prime minister, currently Chuan Leekpai, heads the government. The legislative National Assembly consists of two houses: a 270-member Senate, whose members are appointed by the king, and a 360-seat House of Representatives, whose members are directly elected. The judicial branch consists of three court levels, of which the highest is the Supreme or Sarndika. All over the age of 18 are able to vote. In villages, local chiefs are elected by the people. (1,5). Thailand is located in Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma. It borders Burma, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia. Thailand has a tropical climate characterized by three seasons. From May to October the southwest monsoon brings warm, heavy rain. From November to February during the northeast monsoon the weather is dry and cool. The hot season, from March to May is characterized by high temperatures, humidity, and an absence of rain. (8) Topographically Thailand can be divided into four regions. The North is a mountainous region consisting of natural forests, ridges and deep, narrow, alluvial valleys. The Central region, the basin of the Chao Phraya River, is a lush, fertile valley. It is the richest and most extensive rice-producing area in the country and has often been called the "Rice Bowl of Asia." Bangkok, the capital and most populated city, is located here. The Northeast, or the Korat Plateau, is an arid region characterized by a rolling surface and undulating hills. Harsh climactic conditions often result in this region being subjected to floods and droughts. The South is a hilly to mountainous area with thick virgin forests and rich deposits of minerals and ores. This region is the center for the production of rubber and the cultivation of other tropical crops. Thailand's minerals and resources consist of the following: tin, tungsten, timber, rubber, natural gas, lead, tantalum, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, and fish. (9) Local transportation in Thailand are usually by bus or taxi. While most people do not have cars, greater ownership has significantly increased urban traffic problems. (Traffic moves on the left side of the road.) Railways 4,623 total km Highways 56,903 total km 52,806 paved km 4,097 unpaved km Canals are often used for transportation in rural and some urban areas. The Chao Phraya River serves as the most important waterway for Bangkok. Merchant and commuter traffic on this river is common. There are 3,999 km of principal waterways and numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow-draft native craft. Ports and harbors are in Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Sattahip, Si Racha, and Songkhla. There are about 40 international airlines with 288 flights in and out of Bangkok's Don Muang International Airport per day. International flights are now available to provincial centers such as Chiang Mai, Phuket and Had Yai. Domestic air services also connect Bangkok with the Kingdom's provincial cities. Airports 100 total 86 paved runways 14 unpaved runways Heliports 2 total The government communications system is well developed, and the public telephone system is adequate for most needs. There are 1,553,200 telephone sets in use. (5,8,9) The most interesting thing Thailand has to offer, though, are its people. Thailand's total population is at 60 million. Other significant information include the following: growth rate 1% birth rate 17 births/1,000 pop. death rate 7.05 deaths/1,000 pop. age breakdown mean 25.6 -14 25% 15-64 69% 65- 6% (8)